Evaluation of Some Physical and Frictional Properties Necessary for Optimum Kernel Recovery in the Dry-Cracking of Ogbono (Irvingia) Nuts
 |
International Journal of Recent Engineering Science (IJRES) |  |
| © 2022 by IJRES Journal | ||
| Volume-9 Issue-6 |
||
| Year of Publication : 2022 | ||
| Authors : Egbe Ebiyeritei Wisdom, Tariebi Karikarisei, Ifiemi Tulagha |
||
| DOI : 10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V9I6P103 |
How to Cite?
Egbe Ebiyeritei Wisdom, Tariebi Karikarisei, Ifiemi Tulagha, "Evaluation of Some Physical and Frictional Properties Necessary for Optimum Kernel Recovery in the Dry-Cracking of Ogbono (Irvingia) Nuts," International Journal of Recent Engineering Science, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 11-16, 2022. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V9I6P103
Abstract
Since cracking nuts requires a lot of labor and frequently results in damaged kernels, this strategy typically reduces the product's market value. In order to examine the possibilities of developing their equipment for handling and processing, the physical and frictional properties were determined for moisture contents of 8.1, 9.7, 10.2, 11.0, and 11.4% wet basis. The size of the seed was measured using a Venier caliper. Investigated were the aspect ratio, seed surface area, seed volume, bulk density, true density, and angle of repose. The results demonstrate that its major, intermediate, and minor diameters ranged from 3.60 cm to 5.0 cm, 4.50 cm to 2.70 cm, and 3.20 cm to 2.0 cm, respectively. Additionally, its seed volume ranged from 8.55-26.86 cm3 , surface area ranged from 19.11 cm to 47.94 cm2 , and equivalent diameter ranged from 4.22 cm to 8.49 cm, and true and bulky density polynomially increased from 3.64 g/cm2 to 4.33 g/c. As the frictional properties were investigated, it was discovered that the coefficient of static friction increased from 0.60-0.90 (plywood), 0.50-0.82 (mild steel), 0.37-0.70 (glass), and 0.30 to 0.64 (plastic), with plywood providing the highest range of values. This implies that mild steel construction equipment used the most power, followed closely by plywood-built machinery. Designers should use this study's results to qualitatively produce effective and efficient equipment for Dika seeds handling, processing, drying, storing, and cracking kernels.
Keywords
Irvingia nut, Regression equation, Moisture content, Physical properties, Frictional properties.
Reference
[1] B.C. Adebayo-Tayo et al., “Detection of Dungi and Alfatoxin in Shelved Bush Mango Seeds (Irvingia spp.) Stored for Sale in Uyo, Nigeria,” African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 5, no. 19, 2006.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] R.R.B. Leakey et al., “Domestication of Irvingia Gabonensis: 4. Tree-to-Tree Variation in Food-Thickening Properties and in Fat and Protein Contents of Dika Nut,” Food Chemistry, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 365-378, 2005.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Lee White, and Kate Abernethy, Guide to the Vegetation of the Lopé Reserve, Wildlife Conservation Society, 1997.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] M. A. N. Ejiofor, “Nutritional Values of Ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis var. excelsa),” International Centre for Research in Agroforestry and International Institute of Tropical, 1994.
[Google Scholar]
[5] Osagie A.U, and A.A.Odutuga, “Chemical Characterization and Edibility of the Oil Extracted from Dika Kernel,” Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Science, Patent Storm 2008, Lever Actuated Nutcracker, US Patent 4843715, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 33-36, 1986.
[6] L.O.N. Agbor, “Marketing Trends and Potentials for Irvingia Gabonensis Products in Nigeria,” Procedings of the ICRAF-IITA Conference Irvingia Gabonensis, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1994.
[Google Scholar]
[7] Judith L Ngondi, Julius E Oben, and Samuel R Minka, “The Effect of Irvingia Gabonensis Seeds on Body Weight and Blood Lipids of Obese Subjects in Cameroon,” Lipids in Health and Disease, vol. 4, no. 12, 2005.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Juana Sanchez-Mendoza et al., “Some Physical Properties of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 391-397, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Elias T Ayuk et al., “Uses, Management and Economic Potential of Irvingia Gabonensis in the Humid Lowlands of Cameroon,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 1999.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] J.C. Okafor, “Development of Forest Tree Crops for Food Supplies to Nigeria,” Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 1, pp. 235- 247, 1978.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Asoegwu S. N Ogunlowo et al., “Some Handling and Frictional Properties of African Breadfruit Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content,” PROC National Institute Agricultural Engineers of 32nd, pp. 636-653, 2011.
[12] Mohammad Reza Seifi, and Reza Alimardani, “The Moisture Content Effect on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Corn (Sc 704),” Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 125-134, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] O.P. Subukola, and V.I. Onwuka, “Effects of Moisture Content on Some Physical Properties of Locust Bean Seed (Parkia fillicoidea L.),” Journal of Food Process Engineering, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1946-1964, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] M.N. Amin, M.A. Hossain, and K.C. Roy, “Effects of Moisture Content on Some Physical Properties of Lentil Seeds,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 83-87, 2004.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] S.D. Deshpande, S. Bal, and T.P. Ojha, “Physical Properties of Soybean,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 89-98, 1993.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] S.H. Suthar, and S.K. Das, “Some Physical Properties of Karingda [Citrulluslanatus (Thumb) Mansf] Seeds,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 15-22, 1996.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] S.O. Nelson, “Dimensional and Density Data for Seeds or Cereal Grain and other Crops,” Transactions of the ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 165-170, 2002.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] N.N. Mohsenin, Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1980.
[19] Balwinder Singh, Jagjeet Singh Chatha, and Pargeet Chauhan, “Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Friction Welded Stainless Steel alloy 304 and Aluminium Alloy 6063 Joint,” SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 11- 14, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] K. Oje, and E.C. Ugbor, “Some Physical Properties of Oil Bean Seeds,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol. 50, pp. 305-313, 1991.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[21] K.K. Singh, T.K. and Goswami, “Physical Properties of Cumin Seed,” Journal of Agriculture Engineering Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 93-98, 1996.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] E. Isik, “Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Round Red Lentil Grains,” Applied Engineering in Agriculture, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 503-508, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Mahmoud Tavakoli et al., “Moisture-Dependent Physical Properties of Barley Grains,” International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 84-91, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] H. Zareiforoush, M. H. Komarizadeh, and M. R. Alizadeh, “Effect of Moisture Content on Some Physical Properties of Paddy Grains,” Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 132-139, 2009.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] S.N. Asoegwu et al., “Physical Properties of African Oil Bean Seed (Pentaclethra Macrophylla),” Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR E-Journal, vol. 8, 2006.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Oghenerukevwe Prosper, and Mr.Hilary Uguru, “Effect of Moisture Content on Strength Properties of Okra Pod (Cv Kirenf) Necessary for Machine Design,” SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 6-11, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Publisher Link]
[27] P.M. Nimkar, and P.K. Chattopadhyay, “PH- Postharvest Technology: Some Physical Properties of Green Gram,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 183-189, 2001.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] D.K. Garnayak et al., “Moisture-Dependent Physical Properties of Jatropha Seed (Jatropha curcas L.),” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 123-129, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] Kingly A. R. P et al., “Moisture-Dependent Physical Properties of Dried Pomegranate Seeds (Anardana),” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 492-496, 2006.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]