Analysis of Performance, Emissions, and Combustion in a CRDI Diesel Engine Operating on Soapnut Oil as Fuel

  IJRES-book-cover  International Journal of Recent Engineering Science (IJRES)          
  
© 2024 by IJRES Journal
Volume-11 Issue-6
Year of Publication : 2024
Authors : Manikandan Chandrasekaran, C. Syed Aalam, S. Devi, K. Manikandan
DOI : 10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V11I6P106

How to Cite?

Manikandan Chandrasekaran, C. Syed Aalam, S. Devi, K. Manikandan, "Analysis of Performance, Emissions, and Combustion in a CRDI Diesel Engine Operating on Soapnut Oil as Fuel ," International Journal of Recent Engineering Science, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 54-62, 2024. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V11I6P106

Abstract
This study explores the performance of a Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) diesel engine using soapnut oil blends as an alternative fuel. In light of growing environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the need for sustainable fuel solutions has become more urgent. Soapnut oil, derived from Sapindus mukorossi seeds, emerges as a promising biodiesel candidate. This research examines how soapnut oil blends affect key engine performance parameters, including brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and smoke. Additionally, in-depth combustion analysis is conducted, utilizing in-cylinder pressure measurement and heat release rate analysis better to understand the combustion characteristics of soapnut oil blends. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of using soapnut oil as an alternative fuel in CRDI diesel engines, contributing to sustainable energy strategies in the transportation sector.

Keywords
Common rail direct injection, Diesel engine, Soapnut oil, Combustion, Emission.

Reference
[1] R. Mohsin et al., “Effect of Biodiesel Blends on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission for Diesel Dual Fuel Engine,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 88, pp. 821-828, 2014.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Ayhan Demirbas et al., “Biodiesel Production from Non-edible Plant Oils,” Energy Exploration and Exploitation, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 290 318, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] M. Chakraborty, and D.C. Baruah, “Production and Characterization of Biodiesel Obtained from Sapindus Mukorossi Kernel Oil,” Energy, vol. 60, pp 159-167, 2013.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Yi-Hung Chen, Tsung-Han Chiang, and Jhih-Hong Chen, “Properties of Soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) Oil Biodiesel and its Blends with Diesel,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 52, pp. 15-21, 2013.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] V. Venkatesan, N. Nallusamy, and P. Nagapandiselvi, “Performance and Emission Analysis on the Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation in a Tractor Diesel Engine Using Pine Oil and Soapnut Oil Methyl Ester,” Fuel, vol. 290, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] G. Antony Casmir Jayaseelan et al., “Effect of Engine Parameters, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Dual Fuel Operation,” Fuel, vol. 302, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Yuvarajan Devarajan et al., “Inedible Oil Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production: A Review of Production Technologies and Physicochemical Properties,” Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, vol. 30, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] M.S. Gad et al., “Effect of Oil Blends Derived from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil on Diesel Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics,” Energy, vol. 223, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] L.C. Meher et al., “Technical Aspects of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification: A Review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 248-268, 2006.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Yi-Hung Chen et al., “Biodiesel Production from Tung (Vernicia Montana) Oil and its Blending Properties of Different Fatty Acid Compositions,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 24, pp. 9521-9526, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] S. Pinzi et al., “The Ideal Vegetable Oil-based Biodiesel Composition: A Review of Social, Economic, and Technical Implications,” Energy and Fuels, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 2325-2341, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Arjun B. Chhetri et al., “Nonedible Plant Oils as New Sources for Biodiesel Production,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 169-180, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Kamal Rai Aneja, Radhika Joshi, and Chetan Sharma, “In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Sapindus Mukorossi and Emblica Officinalis Against Dental Caries Pathogens,” Ethnobotanical Leaflets, Vol. 2010, no. 4, pp. 402-412, 2010.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] S. Huang et al., “Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of Sapindus Mukorossi Gaerth Seed Oil,” China Oils and Fats, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 74 76, 2009.
[Google Scholar]
[15] Mustafa E. Tat, and Jon H. Van Gerpen, “The Specific Gravity of Biodiesel and its Blends with Diesel Fuels,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, vol. 77, pp. 115-119, 2000.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Nisheeth P. Bahadur, David G. B. Boocock, and Samir K. Konar, “Liquid Hydrocarbons from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge Lipid and Canola Oil: Evaluation of Fuel Properties, Energy and Fuels, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 248-256, 1995.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Ertan Alptekin, and Mustafa Canakci, “Determination of the Density and Viscosities of Biodiesel-diesel Fuel Blends,” Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 2623-2630, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Sigurd Schober, and Martin Mittelbach, “The Impact of Antioxidants on Biodiesel Oxidation Stability,” European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 382-389, 2004.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] R.L. McCormick et al., “Several Factors Affecting the Stability of Biodiesel in Standard Accelerated Tests, Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 651-657, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Rakesh Sarin et al., “Jatropha-Palm Biodiesel Blends: An Optimum Mix for Asia,” Fuel, vol. 86, no. 10-11, pp. 1365-1371, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Pedro Benjumea, John Agudelo, and Andrés Agudelo, “Basic Properties of Palm Oil Biodiesel-Diesel Blends,” Fuel, vol. 87, no. 10-11, pp. 2069-2075, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Yi-Hung Chen, Tsung-Han Chiang, and Jhih-Hong Chen, “An Optimum Biodiesel Combination: Jatropha and Soapnut Oil Biodiesel Blends,” Fuel, vol. 92, no. 1, pp 377-380, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Caowen Sun et al., “Natural Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Sapindus spp. Seed Oils,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 102, pp. 97-104, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] Abhirup Basu et al., “Optimization of Evaporative Extraction of Natural Emulsifier Cum Surfactant from Sapindus Mukorossi— Characterization and Cost Analysis,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 77, pp. 920-931, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Qiong Shang et al., “Properties of Tung oil Biodiesel and its Blends with 0# Diesel,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 826 828, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Leonardo S.G. Teixeira et al., “Characterization of Beef Tallow Biodiesel and their Mixtures With Soybean Biodiesel and Mineral Diesel Fuel,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 438-441, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] W.L. McCabe., J.C. Smith., P. Harriott., Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.
[28] Bryan R. Moser, “Influence of Blending Canola, Palm, Soybean, and Sunflower Oil Methyl Esters on Fuel Properties of Biodiesel,” Energy and Fuels, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 4301-4306, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] George Karavalakis, Stamoulis Stournas, and Dimitrios Karonis, “Evaluation of the Oxidation Stability of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends,” Fuel, vol. 89, no. 9, pp. 2483-2489, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] Srikanth Jeyabalan, and Muralidharan Palayyan, “Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Sapindus Emarginatus Vahl,” Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 693-699, 2010.
[Google Scholar]
[31] Bryan R. Moser, “Biodiesel Production, Properties, and Feedstocks,” In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, vol. 45, pp. 229 266, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[32] Alok Kumar Tiwari, Akhilesh Kumar, and Hifjur Raheman, “Biodiesel Production from Jatropha oil (Jatropha Curcas) with High Free Fatty Acids: An Optimized Process,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 569-575, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[33] K. Pramanik, “Properties and Use of Jatropha Curcas Oil and Diesel Fuel Blends in Compression Ignition Engine,” Renewable Energy, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 239-248, 2003.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[34] A. Rehman, Deepak R. Phalke, and Rajesh Pandey, “Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbine: Esterified Jatropha Oil-Diesel Blend,” Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2635-2640, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[35] Rakesh Sarin, Meeta Sharma, and Arif Ali Khan, “Terminalia belerica Roxb. Seed Oil: A Potential Biodiesel Resource,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 1380-1384, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[36] Jefferson S. de Oliveira et al., “Characteristics and Composition of Jatropha Gossypifolia and Jatropha Curcas Oils and Application for Biodiesel Production,” Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 449-455, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[37] Zul Ilham, and Shiro Saka, “Two-step Supercritical Dimethyl Carbonate Method for Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Curcas Oil,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 8, pp. 2735-2740, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[38] Bryan R. Moser, Gerhard Knothe, and Steven C. Cermak, “Biodiesel from Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) Seed Oil: Oxidative Stability and Unusual Fatty Acid Composition,” Energy and Environmental Science, no. 3, pp. 318-327, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[39] Ji-Yeon Park et al., “Blending Effects of Biodiesels on Oxidation Stability and Low-temperature Flow Properties,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no. 5, pp. 1196-1203, 2008.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[40] R.D. Misra, and M.S. Murthy, “Performance, Emission, and Combustion Evaluation of Soapnut Oil–Diesel Blends in a Compression Ignition Engine,” Fuel, vol. 90, no. 7, pp. 2514-2518, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[41] Robert O. Dunn, and Brayan R. Moser, Cold Weather Properties and Performance of Biodiesel, 1st ed., The Biodiesel Handbook, AOCS Publishing, pp. 83-121, 2005.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[42] Gerhard Knothe, “Improving Biodiesel Fuel Properties by Modifying Fatty Ester Composition,” Energy and Environmental Science, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 759-766, 2009.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]