Ecological Degradation of Vattakkayal, a Part of Ashtamudi Lake, Kollam District, Kerala, South India

  IJRES-book-cover  International Journal of Recent Engineering Science (IJRES)  
  
© 2015 by IJRES Journal
Volume-2 Issue-4
Year of Publication : 2015
Authors : Seethal Lal. S., Jaya D.S. and Sherly Williams
DOI : 10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V2I4P105

How to Cite?

Seethal Lal. S., Jaya D.S. and Sherly Williams, "Ecological Degradation of Vattakkayal, a Part of Ashtamudi Lake, Kollam District, Kerala, South India," International Journal of Recent Engineering Science, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 20-24, 2015. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V2I4P105

Abstract
This study was focused on the variation of physico-chemical parameters in water samples taken from Vattakkayal, a part of Ashtamudi estuary-Ramsar site in Kerala. Water samples from 5 sampling sites in the Lake were analysed for various water quality parameters during the year February 2013- January 2014. The measured water quality parameters were compared with the guidelines proposed by the WHO for drinking water and natural background levels. The results showed that the values of major water quality parameters were higher than the maximum permissible limit of natural background concentrations and recommended values by WHO. The major water pollution threats in the lake were identified as urban and agricultural land uses. This study is believed to assist decision makers in identifying priorities to improve water quality that has deteriorated due to various land uses.

Keywords
Ashtamudi Lake, Human activities, Pollution, Vattakkayal, Water quality

Reference
[1] Arain M B, Kazi T G, Jamali M K, Jalbani N, Afridi H I & Shah, A Total dissolved and bioavailable in water and sediment samples and their accumulation in Oreochromis mossambicus of polluted Manchar Lake, Chemosphere, 70 (10), 2008. 45–56.
[2] Dixit S & Tiwari S, Impact assessment of heavy metal pollution of Shahpura lake, Bhopal, India, Int. J. Environ. Res, 2 (1), 2008, 37–42.
[3] Pamer E, Vujovic G, & Knezevic P, Water quality assessment in lakes of Vojvodina, Int. J. Environ. Res, 5 (4), 2011, 891– 900.
[4] Thompson T & Khan S, Situation analysis and epidemiology of infectious disease transmission: a South-Asian regional perspective, Int. J. Environ. Health Res, 13, 2003, 29–39.
[5] Clasen T, Cairncross S, Haller L, Bartram J & Walker D, Costeffectiveness of water quality interventions for preventing diarrheal disease in developing countries, J. Water Health, 5 (4), 2007, 599–608 ().
[6] Lee E J & Schwab K J, Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries, J. Water Health, 3 (2), 2005, 109–27.
[7] Ishaque M & Khan A, A Prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene habits of children in Quetta, Pakistan, Pakistan Oral Dental J, 21 (1), 2001, 60–3..
[8] APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water, 22nded., APHA AWWAWEF.Washigton, DC.(2012)
[9] Systac 13. Statistics I-II-III-Iv;Systac software Inc:Chicago, USA (2009).
[10] Helena B, Pardo R, Vega M, Barrado E, Fernandez JM & J Fernandez J, Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer (Pisuerga River, Spain) by principle component analysis, Wat. Res 34 (3), 2000, 807-816.
[11] Vega M, Pardo R, Barrado E & Luis D, Assessment of Seasonal and Polluting Effects on the Quality of River Water by Explanatory Data Analysis, Water Res, 32(12), 1988, 3581- 3592.
[12] Wunderlin DA, Diaz MP, Ame MV, S.F. Pesce, Hued AC & Bistoni MA Pattern, The Quality of River Water by Explanatory Data recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquia river basin (Cordoba, Argentina). Water Res, 35, 2001, 2881-2894.
[13] WHO, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th Edn. Chemical Fact Sheets. WHO. 398 pp. (2011).
[14] Water Resources Commission (WRC), Ghana Raw Water Criteria and Guidelines Series. Report Prepared for Ghana Water Resources Commission by CSIR-- Water Research Institute. WRI/TR No. 556.114 COU WRI/CAR No.133 (2003).